Kuelap, the Fortress of the Clouds

Kuelap is an ancient and truly magnificentarchitectural sites, only one among hundreds of
structure. The only place that can really comparesimilarly constructed settlements straddling ridges
to its size, mystery and grandeur is theand clinging to mountain tops. It is presumed to
Sanctuary of MachuPicchu, but even then, Kuelaphave taken at least 200 years to complete and
is at least twice as old and quite a bit bigger- it iswas only brought to the world's attention in1843,
estimated to contain 3 times more material thanwhen it was found in remarkably good condition
Egypt's largest pyramid! It was built by theby Juan Crisóstomo Nieto. It was built on top
Chachapoyas (meaning the warriors of theof a huge mountain peak using millions of cubic
clouds), which was what the Inkas called thesefeet of stone and consists of massive exterior
people (the name they used to refer tostone walls, which contain more than four hundred
themselves is unknown). Very little is currentlybuildings inside. It is roughly (no comma) 584m
known of this culture and since the Incas and thelong and 110m Wide, with 20 meter high walls.
Spanish conquistadors were the principal sourcesInside the Kuelap fortress can be found various
of information on the Chachapoyas, unbiased,structures whose use, or purpose, is a complete
first-hand information of this indigenous culturemystery. One, known as "El Tintero," is a large
remains scarce. Much of what we do know aboutstone structure built in the shape of an inverted
them is based on archaeological evidence fromcone, a real challenge to the laws of gravity, since
ruins, pottery, tombs and other artifacts. Thethe diameter of its top is much larger than that
Chachapoyas were an Andean people who lived inof its bottom. Some think it was a prison. Others
the cloud forests of the Amazonas region ofthink it was an oracle observatory where the
present-day Peru and one of the most advancedshaman would go inside to observe a special star
civilizations to develop in this tropical jungle region.pass over "the lens" to signal an exact time or
Studies of pre-Inka Chachapoya skeletal remainsevent of the year. Around the fortress, set inside
from Salsipuedes and other burial Sites indicateeach of the five walls, are gigantic open doorways
that the Chachapoyas were of Andean stock but,or portals. The best preserved portal, and
on average, taller than their contemporaries inprobably the principal one, is 10m high and 3m
other parts of ancient Peru (1.59 meters for menwide. As you go inside the entryway you'll see a
and 1.46 meters for women). Among thepassage that looks like a ramp with walls and if
scattered colonial descriptions of Chachapoyas,you continue along this passage it will start to
almost all the Chroniclers commented on theirnarrow down to a small tunnel until, eventually, it
white skin and on the beauty of their women.will only allow the passage of one person at a
Even Father Calancha succumbed to their beauty,time. This would have been an ideal place to fend
noting: "These are the… most gracefuloff enemies; since the walls are too high to scale
Indians in all the Indies and the women are theor raise ladders to access, the gigantic doors
most beautiful." The chronicler Pedro Cieza dewould seem the logical way for an enemy to
León described them: "They are the…storm inside. However, once they had started up
most handsome of all the people that I have seenthe ramp, they would discover too late, that the
in Indies, and their wives were so beautiful thatpassageway narrowed down to where only one
because of their gentleness, many of themperson at a time could squeeze inside the citadel.
deserved to be the Incas' wives and to also beThough it might seems that Kuelap was built for
taken to the Sun Temple (...) The women anddefensive purposes, the true reason for its
their husbands always dressed in woolen clothesconstruction remains unknown. Some have tried
and in their heads they wear their llautos, whichto demonstrate that it, was more than a
are a sign they wear to be known everywhere."fortress; it might have been a fortified place
Their art style also reflects a mix of local anddestined to serve as refuge to the population in
exotic influences. According to the analysis of theemergency cases. Some say that the
Chachapoyas objects, their cultural goods haveChachapoyas didn't build their citadels on the tops
Andean roots and do not exhibit Amazon culturalof mountains for defensive reasons at all, but in
tradition. The well-preserved burial offerings foundorder to make maximum use of the land for
near the Laguna de los Cóndores (the lake ofcultivation. Referred to as the 'Machu Picchu of
the condors) are playing a vital part in revealingthe north,' there is still a great deal to discover
answers regarding the genesis of the style.and investigate about Kuelap. It has a veil of
Recurring images found throughout the area inmystery that intrigues all those who visit it,
pictographs and in textiles and gourds displayalthough they are few due to its remote location,
human figures sporting feathered headdresses,but many say that its beauty far outweighs the
which suggests common narratives and beliefshardships of getting there. Over the past decade,
and the myths they reflect. Another image foundthe Peruvian government has been working on
near the laguna is that of a feline-like animal withmaking it easier for tourists to access. Kuelap is a
fanged teeth. Such representations may reflecttreasure of ancient secrets that deserves to be
aspects of Chachapoya symbolism, whoseviewed and protected. Kuoda Tours brings people
meaning has been lost in time. Kuelap is theto visit remote regions of Peru, including Kuelap.
biggest and most famous of Chachapoya