| Longshan Culture represents a
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| | the emergence of city that heralded the
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| civilization in which both stone and
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| | coming of a new era in which human
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| bronze tools were in application. It was
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| | civilization underwent mass production.
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| first discovered at Longshan town of
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| | Originally, the word wall stands for the
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| Zhangqiu City in Shandong Province, hence
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| | word city.
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| its name. Its influence mainly spread out
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| | The Longshan culture
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| in the middle and lower reaches of the
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| | (Chinese:é¾å±±æ-å- Pinyin:
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| Yellow River about 4,350 to 3,950 years
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| | longshanwenhua) was a late Neolithic
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| ago. During the time of Longshan
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| | culture centered on the central and lower
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| Culture, people were organized in
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| | Yellow River in China. Longshan culture
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| patriarchal clan community. In
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| | is named after Longshan, Shandong
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| pottery making, they widely adopted the
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| | Province, the first excavated site of
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| use of potter wheel. Painted potteries
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| | this culture. It is dated from about 3000
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| gave way to black ones. The black
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| | BCE to 2000 BCE.
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| earthenwares were carefully polished for
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| | The distinctive feature of Longshan
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| much finer quality, some objects even had
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| | culture was the high level of skill in
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| the outer walls made as thin as eggshell.
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| | pottery making, including the use of
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| Longshan Culture, with the highest level
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| | pottery wheels. Longshan culture was
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| of pottery making in Chinese history, is
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| | noted for its highly polished black
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| also known as Black Pottery Culture.
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| | pottery (or egg-shell pottery) and is
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| At the same time, bronze forge appeared.
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| | often referred to as the 'Black Pottery
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| There are two pieces of bronze prick
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| | Culture' for this reason.
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| unearthed at Sanlihe village, in Jiaoxian
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| | Life during the Longshan culture marked a
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| County of Shandong Province, which
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| | transition to the establishment of
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| remained from this transitional period
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| | cities, as rammed earth walls and moats
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| between Stone Age and Bronze Age. In
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| | began to appear, the site at Taosi (é
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| aspect of construction, on the site of
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| | (TM) ¶å¯º)being its largest walled
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| Longshan town, there found ruins of an
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| | settlement. Rice cultivation was clearly
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| earth platform, rectangular in shape. It
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| | established by that time.
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| was made of layers of compact earth. This
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| | The Neolithic population in China reached
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| kind of architectural technique prevailed
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| | its peak during the Longshan culture.
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| during Shang Dynasty (16th B.C-11th
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| | Toward the end of the Longshan culture,
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| B.C.). Furthermore, defensive works was
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| | the population decreased sharply; this
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| built up in ground structure, evolving
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| | was matched by the disappearance of
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| from oldest big moat underground. A large
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| | high-quality black pottery found in
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| number of walls of rammed-earth walls
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| | ritual burials.
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| came into being. Around Shandong
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| | Early studies indicated that the Longshan
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| Province, more than ten vestiges of
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| | and Yangshao cultures were one in the
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| ancient walls were discovered. Among
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| | same. It is now widely accepted that the
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| them, there are seven walls densely
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| | Longshan culture is in fact a later
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| located together, forming into wall
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| | development of the Yangshao
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| complex. The appearance of wall marked
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| | (ä»°é¶æ-å-)culture.
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