The Many Functions of Ancient African Art

Unlike their Western counterparts, only very littleexample, when a boy was accepted as an adult in
art bears the individual stamps of their artists.the tribe. Their main purpose however, was to
African artists were sometimes requested toscare away evil intruders and spirits. Among the
create specific artworks for a king or a leader,most admired and prized masks are those from
but most of the time these were created bySudan region. These have smooth finishes and
several tribal artists that had to work according tovery graceful lines that show off the intricate
tradition. But in spite of these restrictions, manycraftsmanship of their artists. Sometimes the
African artists still managed to express their ownmasks were decorated with feathers and other
techniques and imagination. If a new techniquetrinkets. African masks were designed to be worn
was proven to be good or practical, it easilyon top of the head instead of over the face.
became part of the artistic tradition.So much ofTheir designs were usually based on the horns of
African art was created for religious purposes.an animal reaching heavenward.Another important
Spiritism, magic, ancestor worship and many otherform of metal sculpture in Africa is the gold
aspects of the religions of African tribes areweight. These weights were also made in bronze,
commonly reflected in their art. Artworks werecopper, or brass. These small cast figures were
also created for celebrating marriage, funerals andmade in various sizes and weights to measure
other festive occasions. While most Westernquantities of gold. Most of these weights were
artists value art for its own beauty, Africanmade in what is now known as the Ghana and
artists seem to place tremendous value andthey were essential to the gold trade. The
meaning to the forms, arrangement of shapesAshanti tribe, which produced more gold weights
and lines on each work of art. It is very rare forthan any other tribe, patterned figures after
an African sculptor to create art just for themedicine men, reptiles, trees, plants and
sake of creating something beautiful. Nearlygeometric designs. Aside from weights, Africans
everything an African artist does has a functionhave also made jewelry out of gold. African
and a purpose.Sculptures were made to honorwomen of all ages wore gold trinkets for
ancestors, gods and kings. Elaborate masks wereornamentation in. Men on great occasions also
created to be worn on festive occasions. Beads,wore long gold chains and pendants. The African
trinkets and jewelry were mostly used to indicategoldsmith was a masterful craftsman and created
wealth, adolescence, marriage, or personalintricate work with 18 karat gold.Africans were
authority. Guardian figures made out of clay oralso very good at making handicrafts. They wove
metal were fastened to coffins to invite goodtheir own textiles bags, robes and other
spirits that would protect the dead and chasedecorative products. The artists who created
away evil demons. Stools, spoons, bowls, combs,fabrics were usually women while all other
as well as a variety of other useful items werepaintings were left to the men. The designs were
carved to make them a little more decorative.generally geometrical in nature.Pottery was also an
But the object of African art is always meant toimportant craft in Africa. Bowls and stools were
be useful first and beautiful only second.Masksusually very functional and simple in design. It is
were an important piece of art in Africa. The usetheir simplicity that makes them so interesting.
of masks had an important role in the spirit worldThey also made baskets, shoes, fans and rugs
that dominated the lives of the African people.made of a coarse cloth called samfos or a fiber
They were used at initiation ceremonies, forlike raffia.