| Pottery can be shaped by a range
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| | production of holloware like cups. These
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| techniques, including:
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| | techniques have been in use since at
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| Handwork can be considered both the most
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| | least the 18th century Partial automation
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| primitive and the most individualized
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| | of the jiggering and jolleying processes
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| techniques, where pieces are constructed
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| | have long been used to increased
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| from hand-rolled coils, slabs, ropes, and
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| | production rates and de-skill the
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| balls of clay body, often joined with a
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| | operation
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| slurry of clay body, known as slip. No
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| | Roller-head Machine A machine for the
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| two pieces of handwork will be exactly
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| | shaping of pottery flatware on a rotating
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| the same, so it is not suitable for
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| | mould, as in a jigger, but with a rotary
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| making precisely matched sets of items
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| | shaping tool instead of a fixed profile.
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| such as dinnerware. Doing handwork
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| | The rotary tool is in the form of a
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| enables the potters to use their
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| | shallow cone of the same diameter as the
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| imagination to create one-of-a-kind works
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| | ware and shaped to produce the back of
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| of art. These methods are often referred
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| | the article being made. The ware is
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| to as "handbuilding".
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| | completely shaped, by relatively
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| Classic potter's wheel in Erfurt,
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| | unskilled labour, in one operation at a
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| Germany.The potter's wheel. A ball of
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| | rate depending on the size of the ware of
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| clay body is placed in the center of a
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| | about 12 pieces per minute. The machine,
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| turntable, called the wheel head, which
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| | developed from earlier attempts to
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| is turned either using foot power (a kick
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| | improve on the use of a fixed tool, was
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| wheel or treadle wheel) or a variable
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| | patented by T. G. Green & Co. and H. J.
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| speed electric motor. Oftentimes, a bat
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| | Smith (Brit. Pat., 621 712, 14/4/49) with
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| (a disk of plastic, wood, or plaster) is
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| | subsequent improvements by J. A. Johnson
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| affixed to the wheel head, and the ball
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| | (Brit. Pat., 765 097, 2/1/57; 895 988, 9
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| of clay body is attached to the bat
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| | 5/62). It is now widely used across the
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| rather than the wheel head so that the
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| | world
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| finished piece can be removed easily
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| | Ram Pressing A process for the plastic
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| without distorting the piece. The wheel
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| | shaping of tableware and sanitaryware by
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| is made to revolve rapidly while the body
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| | pressing a bat of the prepared body
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| is pressed, squeezed, and pulled gently
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| | between two porous plates or mould units;
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| into shape. The process of pressuring the
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| | after the pressing operation, air is
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| body into a rotational symmetry, so that
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| | blown through the porous mould parts to
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| it does not move from side to side as the
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| | release the shaped ware. Although the
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| wheel head rotates is referred to as
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| | process was patented in 1952 by Ram
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| "centering" the body — a most important
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| | Incorporated, US Pats, 2 584 109 & 10,
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| skill to master before the next steps,
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| | the term is often used for similar type
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| "throwing" (forming and raising the walls
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| | shaping processes
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| of the piece) and "trimming" or "turning"
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| | Granulate pressing This involves the
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| (removing excess clay to refine the shape
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| | shaping of ware by compressing semi-dry
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| or create a bottom or foot can be taken.
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| | and granulated body in a die, one side of
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| Potter's wheels can be used for mass
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| | which is a solid surface and the other a
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| production, although often it is employed
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| | flexible membrane through which fluid
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| to make individual pieces. Wheel work
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| | pressure, of up to 100 MN.m-2, is
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| takes a lot of technical ability, but a
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| | transferred. The granulate is produced by
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| skilled potter can produce many virtually
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| | spray drying to give a fine and free
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| identical plates, vases, or bowls in a
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| | flowing material with a low moisture
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| day. Because of its nature, wheel work
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| | content of around 5-6%. Also known as
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| can only be used to initially create
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| | dust pressing the technique is widely
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| items with radial symmetry on a vertical
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| | used in manufacture of wall and floor
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| axis. These pieces can then be altered by
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| | tiles, and increasingly of plates
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| impressing, bulging, carving, fluting,
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| | Turning is similar to that used for the
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| faceting, incising, and other methods to
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| | shaping of metal and wood articles. A
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| make them more visually interesting.
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| | blank of clay body, with low water
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| Often, thrown pieces are further modified
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| | content in a condition known as
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| by having handles, lids, feet, spouts,
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| | leatherhard, is mounted on a lathe whilst
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| and other functional aspects added using
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| | a cutting tool follows a profile to
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| the techniques of handworking. Pottery
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| | removes excess material and hence leave a
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| that is thrown on the wheel is often
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| | shaped article
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| finished in a process known as trimming.
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| | Slipcasting is a technique often used for
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| Jiggering & jolleying These can be seen
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| | mass-production, and ideally suits shapes
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| to be an extension of using a Potters
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| | that can not be made by other methods.
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| wheel, and in comparison allow increased
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| | Liquid clay body slip is poured into
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| speed and improved repeatability.
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| | plaster moulds, the permeability of the
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| Jiggering is the technique where a shaped
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| | mould drawing water from the slip to
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| tool is slowly brought down onto plastic
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| | leave a layer the clay body of the
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| clay body that has been placed on top of
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| | internal shape of the mould. This method
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| a rotating plaster mould. The jigger tool
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| | is almost universally used for
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| shapes one face whilst the mould the
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| | sanitaryware, toilets and wash basins, as
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| other. Jiggering is the term specific to
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| | well being widely used for smaller pieces
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| flatware such as plates whilst a similar
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| | such as figurines which have many
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| technique, jolleying, refers to the
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| | intricate details.
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