History of Chinese Oriental Pottery and Porcelain

Many people do not know from where thefigures with the body of a dead person, and the
oriental pottery and porcelain were first made,reopening of undisturbed tombs, has enabled
what are their origins. China, Korea and Japan arestudents to gain an idea of the wares of the Han
the countries that made oriental pottery anddynasty.
porcelain. They are similar to each other in theirThese mortuary pieces show that a green glaze
designs and styles of ware. This similarity createscontaining lead was commonly in use, and that
some confusion for the experts and beginners todecoration, where present, consisted of painting in
identify them properly. And they were marked.unfixed colors, or of attractive incised patterns. It
Many dynasties and emperors of old Chinais argued that the tomb wares, intended for the
encouraged the potters.use of the deceased in a future life, were made
ORIENTAL pottery and porcelain was madeperfunctorily, and that the hitherto-unidentified
principally in China, Korea and Japan. The waresdomestic pieces must have been of better
made in these countries, and in those bordering onworkmanship and of a higher artistic quality.
the first two, resemble each other superficially,Then followed a gap of four centuries during
and both beginner and expert suffer confusion. Awhich no appreciable advances were made, but
proportion of the old wares was marked, usuallythe years lost in strife and artistic stagnation
under the base of the article and in under glazewere amply made up for by the brilliance of the
blue, but just as the shapes and colors of earlierTang dynasty. The large tomb figures of horses
periods were imitated in succeeding centuries, soand camels, splashed with glazes of orange-brown
were the marks.and green are among the best-known objects
Chinamade at the time.
Many people talk about, and others wonder about,Time and interment have given the glaze a silvery
the dynasties and emperors of old China. It is asiridescence that lends an added attraction. Dishes
well, therefore, to preface this section with a listand other pieces of the period are less familiar to
of those most likely to be of use:many, but are artistically important in many
Dynasties Emperorsinstances. Stoneware was brought a stage further
Chou About 1122 to 249 B.C.forward by giving it a white body, and the pieces
Han 206 B.C. to A.D. 220known as Yueh (abbreviated from Yueh Chou, a
T'ang 618 to A.D. 906district in Chekiang province where they were
Sung 960 to 1279made) with their fine celadon glaze, were
Ming 1368 to 1644produced.
Hsuan Te 1426 to 1435In the succeeding Sung dynasty, many further
Ch'engHua 1465 to 1487styles were introduced and older ones developed.
Wan Li 1573 to 1619Carved and incised designs are found, and
Ch'ing 1644 to 1912pale-colored glazes of great beauty were used
K'ang Hsi 1662 to 1722alongside the popular celadon green, which is
Yung Cheng 1723 to 1735found on pieces, exported to the Near East
Ch'ienLung 1736 to 1795countries. All these delicately modeled and colored
Chia Ch'ing 1796 to 1820wares were copied in later Ming times, but apart
TaoKuang 1821 to 1850from differences in finishing, the early pieces were
From before 200 B.C. little pottery has survived.made of stoneware and the later of true
The custom of burying pottery vessels andporcelain.