| In making porcelain, ceramic material is treated | | | | The method used for forming, decorating, |
| and heated and clay is included in the form of | | | | finishing, glazing and firing ceramic wares is given |
| kaolinite. The temperature is between 200C to | | | | below- |
| 1400C. The porcelain material is blazed at high | | | | Forming: The porcelain pottery is formed by pulling |
| temperature, so it is very tough, translucent, and | | | | clay upward and downward into the desired |
| high in strength. It is white polished cowry and its | | | | shape. It can also be formed on a wheel. The |
| name is derived from the old Italian word porcella. | | | | throwing of clay seems to be very easy when it |
| Porcelain has the properties of low permeability | | | | is done by an expert potter. Mishandling of the |
| and flexibility, high strength, solidity, glassiness, | | | | workpiece can destroy the shape of the item. |
| permanence, whiteness, fineness, significance, | | | | Glazing: It has been considered that the initial |
| fragility, high resistance to chemical attack and | | | | glazes are unintended, and these are due to the |
| thermal shock. | | | | existence in the furnace of lime-rich firewood ash, |
| Tables, kitchen ware, sanitary items, fine art, tiles | | | | which proceeds to the exterior as a flux. The |
| and decorative things are the items made from | | | | iron-containing glazes were designed especially for |
| porcelain. It has a high resistance to the flow of | | | | their prominent sound effects on porcelain. |
| current and therefore porcelain is a good insulating | | | | Decoration: The porcelain wares are decorated |
| material. Dentists use porcelain in making false | | | | with the help of cobalt and copper. In modern |
| teeth, crowns, caps etc. | | | | wares these are chowder-fired at 1000 Celsius, |
| One material used in making porcelain ware is | | | | and then they are sent to glazed-firing at a |
| clay, but actually clay is used only in small | | | | temperature 1300 Celsius. In Chinese and |
| proportions to the whole. The main materials used | | | | European method both the process are done in |
| in preparing porcelain are highly variable, but china | | | | single operation. |
| clay consisting of the mineral Kaolinite is often the | | | | Firing: it is the process of heating unfired ceramics |
| most important ingredient. Other materials added | | | | at high-temperatures in a furnace to prepare their |
| with china clay for producing porcelain clay are | | | | final shapes. Compared to earthen ware or stone |
| steatite, glass, steatite, bone ash, quartz, | | | | ware porcelain is always fired at a higher |
| petuntse, alabaster and ball clay. | | | | temperature to vitrify the clay and make it non |
| According to the degree of plasticity the clays are | | | | porous. |
| described as long or short. Long clays are of | | | | There are basically three categories of western |
| higher plasticity and are sticky. Short clays are of | | | | porcelain: hard-paste, soft-paste and bone-china. |
| lower plasticity and thus are not cohesive. | | | | The divisions are made on the basis of the |
| Porcelain clays have lower plasticity compared to | | | | composition of the material (known as paste) |
| other clays which are being used in making | | | | used to form the body of porcelain. |
| pottery. | | | | |