| In making porcelain, ceramic material is | | | | The method used for forming, decorating, |
| treated and heated and clay is included in | | | | finishing, glazing and firing ceramic wares |
| the form of kaolinite. The temperature is | | | | is given below- |
| between 200C to 1400C. The porcelain material | | | | |
| is blazed at high temperature, so it is very | | | | Forming: The porcelain pottery is formed by |
| tough, translucent, and high in strength. It | | | | pulling clay upward and downward into the |
| is white polished cowry and its name is | | | | desired shape. It can also be formed on a |
| derived from the old Italian word porcella. | | | | wheel. The throwing of clay seems to be very |
| Porcelain has the properties of low | | | | easy when it is done by an expert potter. |
| permeability and flexibility, high strength, | | | | Mishandling of the workpiece can destroy the |
| solidity, glassiness, permanence, whiteness, | | | | shape of the item. |
| fineness, significance, fragility, high | | | | |
| resistance to chemical attack and thermal | | | | Glazing: It has been considered that the |
| shock. | | | | initial glazes are unintended, and these are |
| | | | due to the existence in the furnace of |
| Tables, kitchen ware, sanitary items, fine | | | | lime-rich firewood ash, which proceeds to the |
| art, tiles and decorative things are the | | | | exterior as a flux. The iron-containing |
| items made from porcelain. It has a high | | | | glazes were designed especially for their |
| resistance to the flow of current and | | | | prominent sound effects on porcelain. |
| therefore porcelain is a good insulating | | | | |
| material. Dentists use porcelain in making | | | | Decoration: The porcelain wares are decorated |
| false teeth, crowns, caps etc. | | | | with the help of cobalt and copper. In modern |
| | | | wares these are chowder-fired at 1000 |
| One material used in making porcelain ware is | | | | Celsius, and then they are sent to |
| clay, but actually clay is used only in small | | | | glazed-firing at a temperature 1300 Celsius. |
| proportions to the whole. The main materials | | | | In Chinese and European method both the |
| used in preparing porcelain are highly | | | | process are done in single operation. |
| variable, but china clay consisting of the | | | | |
| mineral Kaolinite is often the most important | | | | Firing: it is the process of heating unfired |
| ingredient. Other materials added with china | | | | ceramics at high-temperatures in a furnace to |
| clay for producing porcelain clay are | | | | prepare their final shapes. Compared to |
| steatite, glass, steatite, bone ash, quartz, | | | | earthen ware or stone ware porcelain is |
| petuntse, alabaster and ball clay. | | | | always fired at a higher temperature to |
| | | | vitrify the clay and make it non porous. |
| According to the degree of plasticity the | | | | |
| clays are described as long or short. Long | | | | There are basically three categories of |
| clays are of higher plasticity and are | | | | western porcelain: hard-paste, soft-paste and |
| sticky. Short clays are of lower plasticity | | | | bone-china. The divisions are made on the |
| and thus are not cohesive. Porcelain clays | | | | basis of the composition of the material |
| have lower plasticity compared to other clays | | | | (known as paste) used to form the body of |
| which are being used in making pottery. | | | | porcelain. |
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