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Kuelap, the Fortress of the Clouds

Kuelap is an ancient and truly magnificentmeaning  has  been  lost  in  time.
structure. The only place that can really
compare to its size, mystery and grandeur isKuelap is the biggest and most famous of
the Sanctuary of MachuPicchu, but even then,Chachapoya architectural sites, only one
Kuelap is at least twice as old and quite aamong hundreds of similarly constructed
bit bigger- it is estimated to contain 3settlements straddling ridges and clinging
times more material than Egypt's largesttomountain tops. It is presumed to have taken
pyramid!at least 200 years to complete and was only
brought to the world's attention in1843, when
It was built by the Chachapoyas (meaning theit was found in remarkably good condition by
warriors of the clouds), which was what theJuan  Crisóstomo  Nieto.
Inkas called these people (the name they used
to refer to themselves is unknown). VeryIt was built on top of a huge mountain peak
little is currently known of this culture andusing millions of cubic feet of stone and
since the Incas and the Spanish conquistadorsconsists of massive exterior stone walls,
were the principal sources of information onwhich contain more than four hundred
the Chachapoyas, unbiased, first-handbuildings inside. It is roughly (no comma)
information of this indigenous culture584m long and 110m Wide, with 20 meter high
remains scarce. Much of what we do know aboutwalls.
them is based on archaeological evidence from
ruins,  pottery,  tombs  and other artifacts.Inside the Kuelap fortress can be found
various structures whose use, or purpose, is
The Chachapoyas were an Andean people whoa complete mystery. One, known as " El
lived in the cloud forests of the AmazonasTintero," is a large stone structure built in
region of present-day Peru and one of thethe shape of an inverted cone, a real
most advanced civilizations to develop inchallenge to the laws of gravity, since the
this  tropical  jungle  region.diameter of its top is much larger than that
of its bottom. Some think it was a prison.
Studies of pre-Inka Chachapoya skeletalOthers think it was an oracle observatory
remains  from  Salsipuedes  and  other burialwhere the shaman would go inside to observe a
special star pass over "the lens" to signal
Sites indicate that the Chachapoyas were ofan  exact  time  or  event  of  the  year.
Andean stock but, on average, taller
thantheir contemporaries in other parts ofAround the fortress, set inside each of the
ancient Peru (1.59 meters for men and 1.46five walls, are gigantic open doorways or
meters  for  women).portals. The best preserved portal, and
probably the principal one, is 10m high and
Among the scattered colonial descriptions of3m wide. As you go inside the entryway you'll
Chachapoyas, almost all the Chroniclerssee a passage that looks like a ramp with
commented on the beauty and white skin of thewalls and if you continue along this passage
women. Even Father Calancha succumbed toit will start to narrow down to a small
their  beauty,  noting:tunnel until, eventually, it will only allow
the passage of one person at a time. This
"These are the... most graceful Indians inwould have been an ideal place to fend off
all the Indies and the women are the mostenemies; since the walls are too high to
beautiful."scale or raise ladders to access, the
gigantic doors would seem the logical way for
The chronicler Pedro Cieza de Leónan enemy to storm inside. However, once they
described  them:had started up the ramp, they would discover
too late, that the passageway narrowed down
"They are the... most handsome of all theto where only one person at a time could
people that I have seen in Indies, and theirsqueeze  inside  the  citadel.
wives were so beautiful that because of their
gentleness, many of them deserved to be theThough it might seems that Kuelap was built
Incas' wives and to also be taken to the Sunfor defensive purposes, the true reason for
Temple (...) The women and their husbandsits construction remains unknown. Some have
always dressed in woolen clothes and in theirtried to demonstrate that it, was more than a
heads they wear their llautos, which are afortress; it might have been a fortified
sign  they  wear  to  be  known  everywhere."place destined to serve as refuge to the
population in emergency cases. Some say that
Their art style also reflects a mix of localthe Chachapoyas didn't build their citadels
and exotic influences. According to theon the tops of mountains for defensive
analysis of the Chachapoyas objects, theirreasons at all, but in order to make maximum
cultural goods have Andean roots and do notuse  of  the  land  for  cultivation.
exhibit Amazon cultural tradition. The
well-preserved burial offerings found nearReferred to as the 'Machu Picchu of the
the Laguna de los Cóndores (the lake ofnorth,' there is still a great deal to
the condors) are playing a vital part indiscover and investigate about Kuelap. It has
revealing answers regarding the genesis ofa veil of mystery that intrigues all those
the style. Recurring images found throughoutwho visit it, although they are few due to
the area in pictographs and in textiles andits remote location, but many say that its
gourds display human figures sportingbeauty far outweighs the hardships of getting
feathered headdresses, which suggests commonthere. Over the past decade, the Peruvian
narratives and beliefs and the myths theygovernment has been working on making it
reflect. Another image found near the lagunaeasier for tourists to access. Kuelap is a
is that of a feline-like animal with fangedtreasure of ancient secrets that deserves to
teeth. Such representations may reflectbe viewed and protected.
aspects of Chachapoya symbolism, whose



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