An Archaeological Look at Ceramic Pots

One of the indicators of early civilization is pottery.remote areas of Africa and Indo-China.
With people settling down in one centralized areaCeramic technology didn't change much until the
and importing food from outlying farms, storagecreation of the wheel in Mesopotamia around
became a necessity. Woven containers of grass6000 BP. The wheel allowed people to stop
and reeds were most likely the first crafteddragging things around, stop relying on pushing
vessels for dry goods, while the preservedrafts on rolling logs, and to carry heavier loads.
stomaches of large grazing animals is good forWar chariots were invented, but potters found a
liquid storage, but those all wear out very quickly.much more peaceful use for the application of the
The practice of shaping mud with other materialswheel.
and letting it harden in the sun to create buildingThe very first potter's wheels were not much
materials is a practice that helped keep humansmore than half a wheelshaft stuck upright in a
out of the weather back in the stone age. Astone base. These wheels would have had to
similar practice is still currently used by wasps,have been turned by hand. They were not the
beavers and other such creatures. It's entirelykick wheels which would have been invented in
possible that we learned it from them.later centuries. The process by which pots were
The invention of heating the dried clay tomade using these wheels can only be described
extremely high temperatures surely came aboutas "fast coiling", as opposed to "throwing".
by accidentally dropping clay in some very hotIn the centuries to follow, pottery wheels do not
fire, and then discovering its properties changedundergo any huge changes. The Egyptians come
after it cooled. Afterwards, discovering all theup with pottery wheels that can be turned with
uses of a substance that is easy to shape, whichthe foot, but the materials available do not lend
then fires to a stone-like substance surely camethemselves to a free-spinning thrower's wheel as
quickly.we know them today. There was too much
The creation of pots or other ceramic vesselsfriction involved, and they would slow down far
would have happened soon after ceramics cametoo quickly.
about. They are just too useful to be ignored.In 16th century, Italy, we have records of bench
Early pots clearly had their creation at leasthigh potters wheels with heavy kickwheels at the
partially to thank from the early grass and reedbase. In the 19th century, with the industrial
baskets, as evidenced by the coiled process byrevolution, we have low friction pottery wheels in
which they were made.nearly the same design that would spin very fast.
Early pots, as old as 14,000 before the presentThis was the true time for pot throwing!
(BP) were created by coiling clay in a circularThe technique involved kicking the wheel to a fast
pattern around and around, pressed together andspeed, then throwing the clay and shaping it.
shaped with the fingers. The potters would haveWhen the wheel slowed down, you would stop
turned the vessel itself at the base, in order toshaping the clay and kick the wheel up again, and
try to get the vessel shaped correctly. Thethen resume shaping the clay in a cyclical action.
narrow base, common among pots made in thisThis wheel is silent, fast, and heavy.
fashion, makes the pot much easier to turn duringThere are many people today who prefer this
the creation process.type of potter's wheel to the new, electric ones
Soon, the creation of the pots was evolved to athat do not need to be kicked, and run at a
point where they were placed on a plate or in avariable speed controlled with a dial. However,
bowl, and built up from there, still using the claywith new technology comes new techniques to
coiling technique. The plate or bowl allowed theexplore. The new, constant speed potter's wheels
maker to turn the pot much more easily! Potsare still very new. The techniques not as old as
were smoothed out during the creation processcivilization as we know it! There are new
either with the fingers, or using a rib or otherrefinements to be made, still.
bone. Pots are still crafted this way today in