Oil for Light

Over 70,000 years ago, prehistoric manwhen more elaborate lamps were being produced.
discovered that oils can burn brightly for longThey featured animals, people, foods and even
periods of time. This discovery was probablygods.
made when people cooked animals over the fireOil was also used to create flaming torches to
and noticed that the dripping animal fat soakedlight hallways and large rooms. Torches were
the wood and made it burn longer. They learnedmounted in sconces on walls. They were usually
to place moss, wood and other organic fibers intobundles of sticks dipped in pitch, or tar. They
a stone with a hollowed out place to hold the oils.were actually only used for special events or
They used animal fats, fish oil, whale oil, beeswaxdinners. Usually people used oil lamps.
or vegetable oils pressed from sesame seeds,In the 1780's, the Argand lamp was invented by
nuts and olives. They soon discovered that firesAime Argand. He realized that you could make a
would burn even longer if they burned fibers withlamp burn at least ten times brighter than a
one end dipped in the oil, much like a wick. It didn'tcandle. He accomplished this by placing the wick in
take long for them to discover that they couldthe center of the lamp and covering it with a
easily use petroleum which they could gatherglass chimney to control air flow. It turned out to
from oil seeps or pools on top of the ground.be a very clean burning alternative to all other
Early Egyptians are credited with creating the firstlamps produced up to this date, and soon
stone bowl lamps. They laid a wick over the liprevolutionized home life by brightly lighting houses
and could burn oils from within the bowl. Theseat night for the first time in history. The Argand
bowls were hand-carved from rock andlamp burned whale oil until the production of
extremely rare. Later, a little over 2,000 yearskerosene from petroleum came about seventy
ago, they discovered how to make bowls fromyears after the Argand lamp's invention. Refining
pottery and lamps could be widely produced.oil into kerosene changed everything and led to
They also started pinching the edges together tothe beginning of the oil age. It quickly replaced
make a neck which could hold the wick in place.whale oil as the main source of fuel in North
Later the Greeks would improve the design byAmerica and Europe. Companies like Western
creating a lid to place over the bowl. They left aPipeline Corporation still drill today to provide us
small hole for the oil and a spout for the wick.with an endless list of products derived from oil.
The lid helped to prevent spills and also helpedMake-up, plastics, carpet fibers, clothes dyes, ink
control the flow of air into the lamp. This madeand lightweight eyeglasses are all derived from oil.
the oil last much longer. By Roman times, virtuallySo, the next time you take an aspirin, wear tennis
every household utilized oil lamps. Most wereshoes or dye your hair, you can thank prehistoric
made of clay or bronze by this time. A few wereman for inspiring it all over 70,000 years ago in his
made of glass, gold or silver. Around this time isquest for light.