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The Story of the Stoneware Pottery

There were many potters whose names could material was being potted in quantity in
not be recognized due the the Staffordshire towns, in Liverpool,
non-availability or only the availability and elsewhere. Most of the ware, which
of their initials which does not help the was made not only into domestic articles
collectors to identify the makers of some but also figures, was ornamented with
of the masterpieces that had been found raised patterns, and the thin smear of
in different parts of the world. glaze with which it was covered did not
Much of the nineteenth-century ware was clog the delicate lines as a flowing
marked by the makers, but often only with lead-glaze would have done. Both
initials, which do not help the collector overgraze and under glaze colors were
very much. Printed pieces usually have used with great effect.
the name of the pattern. While white stoneware was finally unable
Stoneware to withstand the competition of Queen's
Stoneware is a very hard non-porous type Ware and porcelain, a further refinement
of pottery, introduced into England in of materials and technique enabled
the sixteenth century from Germany. A Wedgwood to produce with it his
feature of the ware is that it was glazed celebrated jasper ware. This is the
by putting common salt into the kiln pottery from which were made the
while it was being fired; thus arises the thousands of relief portraits, plaques
term salt-glazed stoneware. The resulting and vases that spread the name of their
pottery is hard, strong and watertight, inventor and maker throughout the world.
and it can be made into objects much In addition to this ware, most familiar
thinner in body than can ordinary clay when colored blue but made also in pale
pottery. shades of yellow, lilac and green
Nottingham was a big centre for making Wedgwood developed a black stoneware
stoneware from the late seventeenth (basaltes), a red stoneware (rosso
century, and pieces with a hard grey body antico) and a buflf-coloured (cane ware),
and a brown glaze of orange-peel texture all of which contributed to the fame and
came from there. Many such pieces bear expansion of Staffordshire.
names and dates. Other factories nearby It is as well to remember that the
in Derbyshire made similar wares. descendants of Josiah Wedgwood are still
John Dwight founded a factory at Fulham, making jasper and basaltes wares, and
a suburb of London, in 1671. A number of have done so continuously since the
pieces made by him, after two centuries eighteenth century. The oldest examples
in the possession of his family and now reveal their age by the superior fineness
in the British and Victoria and Albert of their modeling and the velvet-like
Museums, are extraordinarily well smoothness of their surface.
modeled, and it has been suggested that Brown stoneware was made throughout the
they are the work of the wood-carver and nineteenth century, but the productions
sculptor, Grilling Gibbons. Dwight are far from exciting. Flasks in the form
claimed to have invented a method of of politicians and pistols were made, and
making porcelain, but nothing resembling a large number of jugs in imitation of
our modern meaning of the term can be seventeenth-century originals often
attributed to him. deceive collectors.
In Staffordshire, red stoneware in Stoneware was introduced into England in
imitation of some imported from China, the sixteenth century from Germany. This
was made by two Dutch brothers named is a glazed ware. Nottingham was a big
Elers, who had worked at one time with centre for making stoneware from the late
Dwight at Fulham. By 1725Dwight's greyish seventeenth century. There were some
stoneware had been improved in colour potters who mastered the making of the
until it was nearly white, and it was not stoneware products.
long before this excellent salt-glazed




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