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Chinese Pottery and Porcelain Trade

With the progress of China in the pottery andthe Chinese wares, in spite of the expenses
porcelain the European nations started theirof packing and transport, were cheaper than
hunt to imitate or copy the Chinese stylesEuropean-made ones. One early effect of
and designs. The Chinese madeEuropean research was that just as the
drinking-vessels, cups and saucers andChinese had copied the cobalt blue of the
teapots popular in their own styles. ThePersians, so they imitated the pink colour
Chinese trade with the European in theused successfully at Dresden. In the reign of
potteries and porcelain wares grew quiteYung Cheng this was employed extensively and
high.completely changed the prevailing tone of
decorated porcelain. The opaque pink gave its
In the reverse direction, Europeans of allname to the type of coloring: famille rose,
the nations then established in trade withwhich lasted for the rest of the eighteenth
China, were sending to their agents in thecentury  through  the  reign  of Ch'ien Lung.
East pieces of silver, pottery and other
articles to have them imitated in the wonderThe transmission of designs continued, and
material; at the same time, they sentone popular feature was the ordering of
engravings and drawings to be copied ascomplete dinner services painted with the
decoration. These tasks were performed by thecoat-of-arms, crest or initials of the
Chinese with great skill, and resulted in aEuropean owner. Punchbowls, mugs, tea sets,
constant flood of goods in both directionsand innumerable other articles were
throughout  the  eighteenth  century.ornamented in a similar manner and are sought
eagerly today. About 1800, America was also
A further stimulus to the trade was publicimporting from China, and there remain in the
interest in tea drinking, and the sending ofUnited States many examples of old porcelain
increasing amounts of the leaf from China.with the insignia of their former owners. An
The beverage being new to the West, nooutstanding punchbowl given to the City of
drinking-vessels entirely suitable wereNew York in 1802 bears a view of the city,
available, and the Orientals obligingly sentand is inscribed with the date of
porcelain cups and saucers and teapots. Manypresentation as well as the name of the
of these traveled packed in the holds of EastChinese  artist  who  painted  it.
Indiamen with the tea above, so that the
bilge  water  would  not  ruin  the  latter.By many people on both sides of the Atlantic
much of this eighteenth-century porcelain
The first teapots sent from the East wereexported from China is called 'Lowestoff. It
made of hard red stoneware; known as Yi-hsingwas given this name mistakenly a century ago,
pottery, and the legend quickly grew that teaand although the error was corrected soon
could only be enjoyed if poured from a redafterwards  the  name  has  stayed.
pot. It will be found that many of the first
teapots made in Europe (other than those ofEuropean tried to copy the Chinese styles and
silver) were of red stoneware in imitation ofdesigns through their missionaries and
the  imported  ones.embassies officials. With the coming of
porcelain in Europe the Chinese monopoly was
With the discoveries of Bdttger and thebroken but the name of Chinese porcelain
making of porcelain in Europe, the Chinesestill generates enough interest among the
monopoly was broken, but the novelty ofpeople because the people trusted the product
having something from far Cathay wasof China in its original forms.
sufficient to ensure a market. In addition,



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